
Allergic rhinitis manifests itself through symptoms similar to those of a cold, including frequent sneezing, an itchy sensation, and a nose that is either stuffed or drippy. Exposure to an allergen typically triggers these symptoms almost immediately.
The most frequent culprits are exposure to dust mites, fungi, animal dander, and pollen that originates from trees and plants. Hay fever symptoms consist of sneezing, nasal discomfort and obstruction, along with irritation in the nose, throat, mouth, and eyes. Allergic rhinitis differs significantly from infectious rhinitis, also known as the common cold, because hay fever is not infectious.
Antihistamines — Used to mitigate itching, sneezing, and nasal drainage associated with allergic rhinitis. However, they don't alleviate nasal obstruction. Combining these with nasal steroids or decongestants may produce a better outcome in symptom relief than using only one of these drugs.
Signs of rhinitis include incessant sneezing, nose congestion, itchiness or runny nose, irritated throat, eyes, and ears, nosebleeds, clear nasal discharge, recurrent ear infections, snoring, mouth breathing, and fatigue.
In certain individuals, symptoms dissipate in a couple of days, but for others, particularly those with allergies, rhinitis can be a permanent affliction. ‘Chronic’ refers to a condition that is nearly always present or reoccurs frequently. With continuous exposure to allergens, rhinitis could persist for weeks or even months.
Allergic rhinitis has no established cure, although the timeframe and intensity of the symptoms can be reduced with the application of nasal sprays and antihistamine drugs. A healthcare professional might suggest immunotherapy, a treatment alternative that has the potential to offer extended relief.
Individuals with allergic rhinitis should minimize their consumption of certain foods. Foods prone to acute temperature changes or are laden with allergens like shrimp, crab, snail, squid, and sea cucumber should be avoided as they might exacerbate allergy symptoms. Fatty meat may also provoke an irritating response in the patient's throat.
A parental history of allergic conditions is a recognized risk factor. The likelihood of allergic rhinitis escalation increases in offspring born to parents suffering from conditions like asthma, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, or pollen allergies.
One can traditionally manage symptoms of allergic rhinitis with methods such as nasal irrigation or nasal lavage. A particular study found that performing nasal irrigation thrice a day for around 3 to 6 weeks can help alleviate allergy symptoms. To perform nasal irrigation, one can utilize a neti pot, bulb syringe, or squeeze bottle to cleanse the nasal passages with salt water.
Insufficiently treated symptoms of allergic rhinitis may result in loss of sleep, secondary daytime fatigue, cognitive impairment, reduced overall mental performance, decreased long-term productivity, and compromise the quality of life.