成人感冒藥物選擇
有效的感冒緩解措施有哪些？
1. 解熱鎮痛：對乙醯氨基酚（撲熱息痛）和布洛芬是常用的解熱鎮痛藥物，適用於發熱、頭痛、咽痛及肌肉酸痛的症狀。
2. 緩解鼻塞：偽麻黃堿是有效的鼻減充血劑，可以減輕鼻竇、鼻腔黏膜血管充血，解除鼻塞症狀。
3. 抗過敏：抗組胺藥物如氯苯那敏（撲爾敏）和苯海拉明有助於緩解打噴嚏、流鼻涕等鼻部症狀。
4. 鎮咳：右美沙芬是治療乾咳的有效成分，具有良好的鎮咳效果且無成癮副作用。
無效的感冒藥有哪些？
一些含有氨基比林或非那西丁的複方製劑因嚴重的副作用已被註銷，如小兒酚氨伽敏顆粒、氨非咖片等。這些藥物因可能導致嚴重的白細胞減少症和腎臟疾病風險而不再推薦使用。
感冒藥的成分與功效
對乙醯氨基酚：退熱鎮痛，適用於發熱和疼痛症狀。
偽麻黃堿：治療鼻塞，選擇性收縮上呼吸道血管。
氯苯那敏：抗過敏，緩解流清涕、打噴嚏。
右美沙芬：鎮咳，適用於乾咳症狀。
感冒藥的副作用有哪些？
對乙醯氨基酚：過量可能導致肝損傷。
氯苯那敏：可能引起嗜睡，影響駕駛或操作機械的能力。
偽麻黃堿：連續使用不宜超過7天，可能使血壓升高，心血管疾病患者應慎用。
藥師建議您怎麼挑選？
在選擇感冒藥時，應根據症狀選擇適宜的藥物。例如，僅發熱頭痛時使用對乙醯氨基酚，若伴有鼻塞、咳嗽等症狀，可選擇複方製劑。重要的是不要疊加使用多種感冒藥，以免造成藥物過量。
服用感冒藥的7禁忌
1. 不同時服用多種感冒藥：可能導致藥物成分重複，增加副作用風險。
2. 不過量服用：嚴格按照說明書或醫囑的劑量服用，避免肝損傷等嚴重副作用。
3. 孕婦和哺乳期婦女慎用：某些成分如布洛芬在孕婦中禁用。
4. 消化性潰瘍患者：應避免使用NSAID類藥物，以防消化道出血。
5. 心腦血管疾病患者：應慎用含有減充血劑的藥物，以免影響血壓。
6. 肝功能不全患者：應減量使用對乙醯氨基酚，並密切監測肝功能。
7. 不使用已被註銷的藥物：避免使用含有氨基比林或非那西丁的藥物，因其嚴重副作用。
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